Literary theories provide lenses designed to bring out what is already there [in a text] but what we often miss with unaided vision. Like sunglasses, contemporary theories highlight particular features of what lies in our line of vision. If used properly, they do not create colors that weren’t there in the first place. They only bring them into sharper relief. […]



This Text is the Focus of a Dramatized Descriptive Review by AI Below Scroll inside this frame to see the post. To see the AI Results, place your cursor outside of the orange box, then scroll down (or click here). At the bottom, there’s a How To. As a Youth Voices author or teacher, you can Try It Yourself. Assessment […]
If you’ve ever written a blog post before, you know how much time it can take. From topic selection and gathering research to writing the post and pressing “Publish,” the process often demands hours. That’s why, if your post doesn’t earn the traffic you expected, it can be a major letdown. Fortunately, there’s a way to combat low traffic: search engine […]

This Text is Self-Assessed by AI Below Using the NWP’s Civically Engaged Writing Analysis Continuum Scroll inside this frame to see the post. To see the AI Results, place your cursor outside of the orange box, then scroll down (or click here). At the bottom, there’s a How To. As a Youth Voices author or teacher, you can Try It […]

What if we asked GPT-3 (OpenAI Playground) to assess a text by referencing the Habits of Mind? Prompt Assess the strengths and and things that could be improved in this text using the 16 Habits of Mind by Art Costa and Bena Kallick. Make two lists: one that lists at least three of the habits that this text shows strong […]

You might first try the quiz yourself: OpenAI playground selected 8 out of the ten sources correctly, and the reasoning given for the two it got wrong? Well, is it wrong? Prompt given to OpenAI Playground Use Mike Caulfield’s SIFT method which has four moves: Stop Investigate the source Find better coverage Trace claims, quotes, and media back to the […]

This guide starts with a screenshot of what we are asking you to do with the AI Mojo plugin after you choose an article and write a summary yourself. Scroll below to see an example of the four sections you could include in your post: Citation, My Summary, AI Summary, and My summary and the AI summary Citation Hint: See the EasyBib […]

Let’s see how you can use Artificial Intelligence, or AI, to become a better writer. In this five minute video, you will see how to easily engage a state-of-the-art language processing AI model to help you to revise and improve your writing. This technology brings new life to a tried and true strategy for revision: reverse outlining. The specific tools […]
Hai Danghai.dang@uni-bayreuth.deDepartment of Computer Science, University of BayreuthBayreuth, Germany Karim BenharrakKarim.Benharrak@uni-bayreuth.deDepartment of Computer Science, University of BayreuthBayreuth, Germany Florian Lehmannflorian.lehmann@uni-bayreuth.deDepartment of Computer Science, University of BayreuthBayreuth, Germany Daniel Buschekdaniel.buschek@uni-bayreuth.deDepartment of Computer Science, University of BayreuthBayreuth, Germany ABSTRACT We propose a text editor to help users plan, structure and reflect on their writing process. It provides continuously updated paragraph-wise summaries as […]
Basics of Prompt Engineering A guide by Graverman Today I propose a simple formula for beginners to use and create better generations with text to image AI. This was tested on stable diffusion but it should work on any model if it was trained on enough art data. After reading this document and applying these simple steps, you’ll be able to […]
“The loop writing process is a way to get the best of both… control and creativity. On the one hand it lets you steer where you are going… But on the other hand it expands your point of view…. It is especially useful if you can’t think of much to write or are stuck with a topic that bores you.” […]
I’ve described the two ends of the spectrum of writing processes. One extreme is the dangerous method of painstaking writing where you figure out your meaning entirely before you start and thereby maintain complete control while you write. (Not quite so far in that direction is the direct writing process where, by and large, you maintain control of where you […]



Once there was a gentleman who married, for his second wife, the proudest and most haughty woman that was ever seen. She had, by a former husband, two daughters of her own, who were, indeed, exactly like her in all things. He had likewise, by another wife, a young daughter, but of unparalleled goodness and sweetness of temper, which she […]
ACT II The same. Immediately following. When the CURTAIN rises, the JURORS are in the same positions as they were at the end of the previous act, looking at the 3RD JUROR. There is silence. The 3RD JUROR crosses to the window. The other JURORS move about the room. There is an awkward silence. The GUARD unlocks the door and […]
Characters 1ST JUROR (FOREMAN)2ND JUROR3RD JUROR4TH JUROR5TH JUROR6TH JUROR7TH JUROR8TH JUROR9TH JUROR10TH JUROR11TH JUROR12TH JURORGUARDJUDGE’S VOICE Setting—The jury room of a New York Court of Law Time—1957 ACT I The jury room of a New York Court of Law, 1957. A very hot summer afternoon. It is a large, drab, bare room in need of painting, with three windows in […]

We invite you to add stories or anecdotes about a departed family member, public figure, or literary character to our group Día de Muertos altar. What is a Día de Muertos Oferenda? Traditionally the ofrenda is presented in one’s home in order to commemorate the souls of loved ones in the family who have died. We want you to commemorate […]

ABSTRACT The year of action research pursued as a Cahn Fellow focused on leveraging adult learning and professional development as the chief means of increasing student learning outcomes in a K-12 public school setting. This is consistent with my belief that educational leadership requires a focus to decolonize education and center students as the subject rather than the object of […]
Copyright This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents are the product of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events, locales, or persons, living or dead, is coincidental. Copyright © 2018 by Jewell Parker Rhodes Interior illustrations copyright © 2018 by Shutterstock.com Cover art copyright © 2018 by Shadra Strickland. Cover […]
[1 of 3] megn_martin’s Journal 9/24/22 (Written 9/27/22) My initial goals were ambitious. 30 minutes, three times each work week. 1 hour each weekend. Spend this time being mindful, observing, documenting, and investigating nature. I spent about five hours that Thursday (9/22) with my undergraduates, observing an environmental education program put on by Shaver’s Creek for 3rd graders. Initially, I […]
Marsh Sounds In 2002, an experiment began to restore a salt marsh at Gateway National Recreation Area. 20 years later, scientists return to see how it’s doing. The Yolk of Gateway Big Egg Marsh is one of thirteen salt marshes remaining in New York City’s Jamaica Bay. A part of Gateway National Recreation Area, Big Egg has been the site […]
This essay discusses what the childhood perspective offers–and what we would lose were we deprived of it. In that context it discusses current threats to childhood and the effects of these threats on education, the strength and potential of our humanness, with special emphasis on children’s own strengths as a basis for their education and the power of collective thought, […]
Dear friends of Write Out, As you already know, this year’s event Write Out is STEAM-Powered and will run October 9-23. And that STEAM-Powered Write Out will use notebooks and journals that inspire observing, describing, and annotating just like STEAM professionals do! Why notebooks you may ask? Learning from the authors of Composing Science: A Facilitator’s Guide to Writing in the Science Classroom we […]
Kevin Hodgson writes: A number of years ago, Brian Kelley shared a folder with me of images of notebooks and journals from famous artists, scientists, writers, athletes and more. It was an intriguing look at how scribbles and margins and notes were being used. I tucked the folder away in Google Drive and sort of forgot about it. As we began to think […]

Scientists use many tools to conduct and analyze their research. A field notebook is one of them. The data we collect at the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network is from on-site, in the field visits to each of the parks within our network. This means a significant chunk of our data, including quantitative measurements and numbers and qualitative observations, are […]
We invite you to set up a digital space for your portfolio using Web Stories. What we are inviting you to make: When you are done with this activity, you will have created a Web Story with three sections – one for each of the Habits of Mind that you have chosen – and blank pages that you will fill […]

What has changed in the two decades since we launched Youth Voices might be described as a digital transformation of tools into platforms. In a recent book, two researchers point to this kind of change as one to welcome in order to embrace The Digital Mindset we need to thrive today. “The rapid scaling of computational power means that digital technologies […]
We invite you to explore “Letters to Colleagues” by your peers that are published on Youth Voices and to respond with your insights and thoughts. Using Youth Voices Guides, elaborate and expand on your ideas using a structure that feels comfortable to you. What we are inviting you to make: When you are done with this activity, you will have […]
Use these multimodal resources to inspire comments and replies about your own multimodal learning experiences and how you might design multimodal learning and composing for your students. With all due respect the the resources we have collected here, a careful reading of each of them is not our intention. Instead, we want you to look quickly on the left side […]
We invite you to explore Descriptive Reviews by your peers that are published on Youth Voices and to respond with your insights and thoughts. Using Youth Voices Guides, elaborate and expand on your ideas using a structure that feels comfortable to you. What we are inviting you to make: When you are done with this activity, you will have remarked […]
We invite you to describe a student — an actual student or one you create — who you might encounter in a future class. In a Youth Voices Doc write a portrait of a youth, making up details about how they interact with the texts, languages, and problems of your discipline. What we are inviting you to make: When you […]
We invite you to notice and note how the Descriptive Review of A Child protocol is applied in several examples. On NowComment, you will read several examples of child profiles and comment on what stands out to you about both the learner and the way that the descriptive review of the learner was composed. What we are inviting you to […]
We invite you to read and annotate The Descriptive Review of a Child Protocol. This protocol was developed by Pat Carini to support a reflective process around students and their work. On NowComment, you will comment on and react to the process described in the article. What we are inviting you to make: While you read The Descriptive Review of […]
We invite you to write 10 SELF and 10 WORLD QUESTIONS (plus keywords or #hashtags) to find What we are inviting you to make: When you finish this activity, you will have a new update on your Youth Voices wall for the DOC where you have written. Three Examples of 10 Self & 10 World Questions (with Keywords or #tags) How […]
We invite you to create a multimodal discussion post on Youth Voices to introduce yourself to the other members of your class and the wider YV community! What we are inviting you to make: This might be your first post on Youth Voices. Welcome! We call these published documents “discussion posts” because we see each of them as the beginning […]
We invite you to introduce yourself to the Youth Voices community of youth, teachers, and mentors. Write and record a Bio that will be one of your first discussion posts on the site. What we are inviting you to make When you are done with this activity, you will have the text and a recording ready to put up as […]
We invite you to read and annotate a foundational text about the “16 Habits of Mind” proposed by Arthur L. Costa and Bena Kallick “to create a more thoughtful, cooperative, compassionate generation of people who skillfully work to resolve social, environmental, economic and political problems.” (https://www.habitsofmindinstitute.org/about-us/) Use a tool called NowComment to make comments on Costa’s “descriptions for 16 of […]
As a classroom researcher, Tiffany DeJaynes revisited the curriculum of an English elective she helped design and found students using artifacts to investigate personal identity and create community Objects surely don’t talk. Or do they?—DANIEL MILLER, THE COMFORT OF THINGS In her artifact presentation, Sara held up a ring her father gave her from Guatemala and said, “It makes me […]
PART III NINGAABII’AN (WEST) IN THE WESTERN DIRECTION THE JOURNEY FOCUSES ON THE RIPENED BERRIES AND THE HARVEST, A TIME OF CONSTANT CHANGE. CHAPTER 45 I love camping. The smoky scent fills the air and burrows into fabric, hair, and skin. Hold on. It’s camping but mixed with stale air. A closed- up, musty space. My head throbs with my […]
CHAPTER 31 That is more money than we’ve ever kept in our shared account.A sick feeling washes over me.Is Levi involved?It’s ludicrous. There must be a plausible reason why Levi would keep so much money in our account. I’m certain of it.The bank lady asks if I’m still there.“Uh-huh,” I manage.“The statement for September’s activity will mail out on Monday. […]
Processes of learning and the transfer of learning are central to understanding how people develop important competencies. Learning is important because no one is born with the ability to function competently as an adult in society. It is especially important to understand the kinds of learning experiences that lead to transfer, defined as the ability to extend what has been […]
People who have developed expertise in particular areas are, by definition, able to think effectively about problems in those areas. Understanding expertise is important because it provides insights into the nature of thinking and problem solving. Research shows that it is not simply general abilities, such as memory or intelligence, nor the use of general strategies that differentiate experts from […]
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE I pull open the heavy door of the VFW hall and am immediately overtaken by the scent of stale cigarette smoke. “Phew, it smells like our den before my dad quit,” says Claudia, wrinkling her nose. Lucy, Sara, Kaitlyn, and Meg are with us, too. We all blink as our eyes adjust to the semi-darkness of the wood-paneled […]
CHAPTER SIXTEEN I smooth out the pages of Moxie’s next issue on the couch. The glow of the Christmas tree in the corner of our den casts a soft golden light over the pages. “Looks cool,” Seth says. “Did I show you what I’m putting inside each one?” I ask, handing him a stack of round, palm-sized stickers. “Badass,” Seth answers, […]
Chapter 21 On Saturday, I stare at the Tribe’s billboard on my way through downtown. Despair drops anchor in the pit of my stomach. The left side has NEVER FORGET in white letters on a dark background. Heather’s senior picture, along with her description and the phone number for Tribal Police, fills the other half. It isn’t until I pass […]
CHAPTER ELEVEN It’s early November and chilly enough that my bathrobe over my jeans and T-shirt feels good and not too hot. But my cheeks are still burning from nervousness as I walk toward the front doors of East Rockport High. On my morning walk to school, I stopped half a block away to slip the bathrobe on over my […]
Teaching the ongoing murders of black men Emmett Till.Medgar Evers.Henry Dumas.Fred Hampton.Mulugeta Seraw.Amadou Diallo.Sean Bell.Oscar Grant.Trayvon Martin.Jordan Davis.Eric Garner.Michael Brown. There is a history in our country of white men killing unarmed black boys and men with little to no consequence. I taught the murders of Sean Bell and Amadou Diallo, using Willie Perdomo’s “Forty-One Bullets Off-Broadway” as the model […]
CHAPTER 11 My mother hands me a pill and a glass of water. Watches as I drink. Helps me into bed as I begin to shiver and my teeth chatter. She is the steady one now. I have a faint memory of shaking like this during my coming-of-age fast at fourteen on Sugar Island. For two nights and two days […]
CHAPTER SIX I always push the cart when my mom and I go grocery shopping so my mom can focus on the list—written on paper, of course. It’s been that way since I was in middle school. “Black beans or refried?” she asks me, examining the canned goods in front of her. “Refried.” “Black beans are healthier.” “Refried.” My mother […]
Recently, I read Born A Crime, by Trevor Noah. I appreciated how it made me as a reader so invested in the book. This story telling was really great and Trevor himself reading the book made it better because of the fact that he experienced it and wrote a book about it makes you feel better and inspires to do […]
For my parents, Donna and Henry Boulley Sr., and their love of stories I am a frozen statue of a girl in the woods. Only my eyes move, darting from the gun to their startled expression. Gun. Shock. Gun. Disbelief. Gun. Fear. THA-THUM-THA-THUM-THA-THUM.The snub-nosed revolver shakes with tiny tremors from the jittery hand aiming at my face.I’m gonna die.My nose […]
For all the teenage women fighting the good fight. And for my twelfth-grade Current Topics teacher for calling me a feminazi in front of the entire class. You insulted me, but you also sparked my interest in feminism, so really, the joke is on you. Revenge is best served cold, you jerk. CHAPTER ONE My English teacher, Mr. Davies, rubs […]
(CNN) A retired police lieutenant. A substitute teacher who was a “pillar of the community.” A beloved grandmother of six. A dedicated community activist. They were among the 10 people killed in a shooting at a Buffalo, New York, supermarket Saturday — a massacre authorities believe was racially motivated. Thirteen people, ages 20 to 86, were shot. Eleven were Black and two were […]
Trevor Noah, the protagonist in Born A Crime, has a few traits that influence his relationships with others. One, he is restless. Two, he is eager. Three, he is wrong These traits influence his relationships with others. We can see it in this passage from the book: “Tonight we’re having chicken livers.” “No, I’m gonna have McDonald’s.” “Tonight we’re having dog bones.” “I think I’m gonna go with McDonald’s again.” “Tonight we’re having chicken feet.” […]
We invite you to look through the Youth Voices site. There are thousands of posts! Find one that interests you. Read it carefully. Add a comment to the post you read. What we are inviting you to make: We are asking you to write a comment to another student on Youth Voices, using one of these guides: General Discussion, Quoting a Source […]
We invite you to ignite, inaugurate, establish, and commit to keeping a journal on Youth Voices every day! What we are inviting you to make: Write the first entry of a journal that will become your go-to, every day place for reflection, exploration, speculation, risk-taking, drafting and revising. We are asking you to start writing at least one Doc in […]
We invite you to personalize your profile by adding a profile picture and a cover photo, then by writing your first status update. And don’t stop there! Keep adding text, image, video, and GIF updates every day! What we are inviting you to make: When you finish this activity, you will have four new updates in your wall on Youth […]
oo.To TeCuetimtes JuiceThomas{stDraftUTICETi pinesbitoformavisonesplicationshFomJustice Alito Circulated:February10,2022___ Recicuiote:fgttti Sfoo.tea ionmaybedele ye aSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES No.19-1502THOMAS E. DOBBS, STATE HEALTH OFFICER OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,ET AL,PETITIONERSv.JACKSONWOMEN’S HEALTHORGANIZATION,FTAL.ONWRITOFCERTIORARITOTHEUNITEDSTATESCOURTOF APPEALSFORTHEFIFTHCIRCUITobruary_ 202)JUSTICEALITOdeliveredtheopinionoftheCourt.AbortionpresentsaprofoundmoralissueonwhichAmer. icansholdsharplyconflictingviews. Somebeliveforvently that a human person comes into being at conception and thatabortionendsaninnocentlife. Othersfeljustas stronglythatanyregulationofabortioninvadesawoman’s right to control her own body and prevents women from achievingfulequality. Stilothersinathirdgroupthink thatabortionshouldbeallowedundersomebutnotalcir-cumstances,andthosewithinthisgroupholda […]
This book talks about a kid who was born a crime, he was born a crime because a black man is not allowed to have sexual interactions with another European women and vice versa with a black women and a European man. This book speaks about how the kid grew up through everyday struggle like going to three different church’s […]
The third page of Kindred by Author: Octavia E. Butler might leave a reader feeling apathetic because Rufus is a little too cruel. An example of this is on page 219. “He did it!” she hissed. “Even if he didn’t put the rope on her, he drove her to it. 1 He sold her babies!” This is fierce because Rufus sold Alice […]
Several common educational strategies lean into the idea that, in the classroom, challenge is something to embrace. When Hunter, 6, started first grade last autumn, he struggled to match letter sounds with the shape of letters on paper. He found writing letters hard and writing words even harder. “It felt bad,” he said recently. But Hunter also knows how to […]
Drawing from the Beliefs for Integrating Technology into the English Language Arts Classroom, as well as prior scholarship on digitally mediated communication, rhetorical studies and composition, assessment, and digital literacies, this theoretical article presents a framework for creating and assessing digital multimodal compositions. The Interconnected Framework for Assessment of Digital Multimodal Composition conceptualizes digital multimodal composing through three inter-connected and […]
PART II Reclaim A feather is trimmed, it is trimmed by the light and the bug and the post, it is trimmed by little leaning and by all sorts of mounted reserves and loud volumes. It is surely cohesive. —GERTRUDE STEIN Bill Davis BILL MOVES THROUGH the bleachers with the slow thoroughness of one who’s had a job too long. […]
Kindred shows the reality of the 1800’s and how someone from the 1900’s is dealing with it. Since I started reading the book, I faced a lot of cruelty that the slaves suffered in that time by their owners (white people). The <first… second… third… final… chapters/pages/sections> of <Title> by <Author’s First and Last Name> might leave a reader feeling […]
<Begin with a freewrite about your book. Write non-stop about your book. What have you been thinking about your book since you read last?> The <first… second… third… final… chapters/pages/sections> of <Title> by <Author’s First and Last Name> might leave a reader feeling <strong adjective> because <Explain what it is in the text that might bring that response.> An example of […]
Prologue In the dark times Will there also be singing? Yes, there will also be singing. About the dark times. —BERTOLT BRECHT Indian Head There was an Indian head, the head of an Indian, the drawing of the head of a head dressed, long-haired Indian depicted, drawn by an unknown artist in 1939,broadcast until the late 1970s to American TVs […]
Translated by David Wyllie I One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin. He lay on his armour-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to […]
P.S. 112 Q – Joyce Fasano – Grade 2 / Writing Learning Opportunities Students review all story elements we have learned so far. Teacher models chart of character, setting, problem and solution with their ideas. Teacher models first two sentences of beginning of the story. Class engages in shared writing, completing the beginning of the realistic fiction story. Students break […]
Possible Questions to build CRSE awareness during pre-observations: What resources might enable students to view concepts, issues, themes, social problems from several multi-cultural perspectives? What systems and/or protocols might encourage students to share experiences, feelings, and perspectives during the lesson?(ex. accountable talk stems, discussion protocols, group roles, etc.) What choices might students make during the learning so that they develop […]
LCI Sample – Liz Locatelli – Grade 3 / Science Learning Opportunities Model how to look deeply and ask meaningful questions by showing a picture of one zone and asking students to name details in the picture and to pose questions based on what they see. Show images of all the zones and ask if any students have lived in or […]
By: Cristin Tolentino The second chapters of Kindred by Author:Octavia E Butler might leave a reader feeling disgusted because Rufus was so crazy and gross for hurting the woman he supposedly loved but instead he just raped her. An example of this is on page 36. “You raped a woman—or tried to—and her husband beat you up,” I said. 1“You’re lucky […]
“The most complicated thing is to explain to children what’s going on,” Kira Rudyk said. Kira Rudyk, a member of Ukrainian Parliament and leader of the Voice Party, described the difficulty of teaching children about the current Russian attacks on Ukraine. “The most complicated thing is to explain to children what’s going on. So there is this little game that’s […]
Contrary to popular progressive belief, some Black and Brown educators are explicitly and unapologetically using CRT in their classrooms to deepen students’ historical knowledge and help them build skills to make sense of the world around them. PHOTO BY FG TRADE/GETTY IMAGES Amid the heated national controversy about CRT in schools, some Black educators are openly using the framework to […]
Action: Join the global, student-driven art movement #ArtForPeaceInUkraine initiated by Pechersk School International (IB World School based in Kyiv, Ukraine). Goal: To spread a message for peace via student voices and to engage the attention of the whole world to the current attack on Ukraine. Citizens of Ukraine must be heard! Please help to spread this message across the globe; […]
In recent weeks, parents and educational boards in the United States have been in conflict over the inclusion of Critical Race Theory (CRT) in the classroom curriculum. CRT has become a talking point amongst conservative circles in the United States in the growing social debate surrounding systemic racism and structural inequality in American institutions. At present, several states have taken […]
Whether sketching in bomb shelters or escaping the capital with unruly pets, Ukrainian illustrators and artists bear witness to the fear, heroism and solidarity of their countrymen – and issue an urgent call for international support. Curated by Erica Weathers Fees have been donated at the artists’ requests to aid organisations in Ukraine Print this page. Author Paul
In this article, Carol Rodgers describes a four-phase reflective cycle that she uses in her professional development work with teachers. Drawing on the work of Dewey, Hawkins, Carini, and Seidel, Rodgers explores the roles of presence, description, analysis, and experimentation in helping groups of teachers slow down and attend to student learning in more rich and nuanced ways. She also […]
5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Overview of key findings The research question of this study: How can students’ needs be met using the heutagogical framework while teaching maths in an elementary school in Cambodia? By students’ needs we mean self-determined learning needs. Following the Self-determination Theory (Ryan and Deci, 2000) and the findings from the current research, it is possible that students’ […]
4. FINDINGS 4.1 Overview of the chapter Using an action research framework, it was investigated how engaging in reflection can change grade 3 students’ behaviour, making them more confident in their abilities to solve mathematical tasks and motivating them to be more active and consistently remain self-determined. Data was collected over a period of 9 weeks from April 29th to […]
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This study aims to explore the perceptions of students on the heutagogical framework while teaching maths at an elementary school in Cambodia. The study focuses on some metacognitive elements that can assist students to become more self-determined. Central Question: How can students’ needs be met using the heutagogical framework while teaching maths in an elementary school in Cambodia? Subquestion […]
2. LITERATURE REVIEW Metacognition will be studied through constructivism and individualism leading to postmodernism. Literature was reviewed to examine the importance of metacognition as one of the heutagogical techniques and a Habit of Mind in the learning process. It was taken into account whether metacognition can be taught and what approaches on the current empirical evidence work best to enhance […]
University of Southampton, 2021 FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ACTION RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS: PROVIDING METACOGNITIVE SUPPORT (AS A HEUTAGOGICAL TECHNIQUE) TO GRADE 3 STUDENTS by Zoriana Myburgh A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of MSc Education Declaration of Authorship I confirm that the material contained in this dissertation is all my own work and where the work of […]
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations The study has shown that there is an urgent need for education to adapt to the ever changing needs of the student. Employers today value problem solving skills more than they value the grades from an archaic system of education. There is a need for schools to report student progress on the defined competencies a […]
Chapter 4: Findings In terms of the research question “To what extent is there a correlation between Interpersonal choices and Performance Task success?”, it was deemed that a correlational quantitative study was required using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The advantage of such analysis is to have the opportunity to determine what influence one or more independent variables can have on […]
Chapter 3: Research Methodology and Design The literature review persuaded the school within the study to implement an interpretation of PL which allows for greater student control within the classroom and within the assessments themselves. This chapter will look at how the school has adopted this version of PL and what it looks like within the UBD framework. The chapter […]
Chapter 2: Literature Review The aim of the study is to test whether student choices within their learning and the autonomy and control that provides will result in success within authentic real life performance tasks. The validity of that test can only be determined if there is empirical evidence of the need and relevance of such an approach. This literature […]
Interpersonal Choices and Performance Task achievement A study of the relationship between Interpersonal Choices and Performance Task achievement in an International School in South-east Asia By Daryl Thompson – 4334540 MA Education (Flexible) Dissertation submitted to the University of Nottingham in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Marking Tutor: Gary Mills August 2021 Abstract […]
Chapter Five Introduction Online learning platforms are becoming an increasingly popular form of instructional delivery in K-12 schools across the United States, and enrollment in some form of online learning in the U.S. has increased by more than 60% since the early 2000s (Barbour et al., 2011; Gemin et al., 2017; U.S. Department of Education, 2010). Millions of K-12 students […]
Chapter Four Results The investigator collected both narrative and survey data to clarify the complex ways in which students function as adaptive learners in online classrooms. Multiple means of data collection and analysis were used to bolster the reliability and validity of the evidence used to answer the guiding questions and ultimately help make recommendations for future areas of study […]
Chapter Three Introduction The lack of rigorous research regarding online programming for K-12 students influenced the decision to employ a mixed-method, quasi-experimental design in the present study. This study sought to clarify the existence of any positive correlations between student social-emotional dispositions and the dependent variables of social presence and student performance. In addition, open-ended questions and follow-up interviews helped […]
Chapter Two Introduction Online learning represents a quickly growing field within education, both internationally (Barbour et al., 2011) and domestically, with the U.S. Department of Education (2010) having estimated a 65% increase in enrollment for technology-based virtual learning by K-12 United States public school students between the years of 2002 and 2005 alone. Online K-12 programs have been around for […]
ABSTRACT Exploring the Relationship Between Social-Emotional Competencies and Student Outcomes in Online Learning Environments Sarah K. Teeple, Gwynedd Mercy University, 2021 The present mixed-methods study sought to clarify the complex relationships that may influence student achievement in non-traditional learning environments. In the United States, the number of students who are participating in some form of virtual or remote learning is […]
Beata Spillman 7th Grade Math Percents Simple Interest Who offers me a better deal? Who wants to work in a bank in the future?(We are having a discussion about banking, investment, Wall Street etc.) Students volunteer: Jason and Anna Jason is walking on the street 5 years from now and sees me. He says: Ms. Spillman, I have a great […]
“We now accept the fact that learning is a lifelong process of keeping abreast of change. And the most pressing task is to teach people how to learn.”Peter F. Drucker Dispositions may take many years to become internalized. For some, it’s a lifetime endeavor. For others they are born with the inclination, for still others dispositions are used only when […]
This post was written by educator and 2020 Education Fellow Ashley Lamb-Sinclair. Last summer, while my community of Louisville, Kentucky – and the world – took to the streets in protest of the killing of Breonna Taylor, I participated in a Healing Ceremony hosted by Black Lives Matter Louisville. My goal was to be quiet, to listen, and to respond as […]
Grades 5-8 Common Core Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies Key Ideas and Details 1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources. 2. Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. 3. Identify key steps in a […]
ROUND 9I Liked the Way YouStood Up for Us THE next day when I got home from work, our apartment was still a mess. We’d be living out of boxes for at least another week or two. Somehow, though, a sofa had been installed in a corner and there, drinking coffee, were Blanca and Pastor Miguel Vasquez. After greeting me in […]
ROUND 5The War Was in Full Bloom AFTER Bodega and Vera left I went back to bed. All I can remember of the rest of the afternoon was waking with Blanca next to me. She had arrived home tired, hadn’t even bothered to take her clothes off, and flopped down on the bed. Blanca is not a light sleeper, so I […]
These dreamsThese empty dreamsfrom the make-believe bedroomstheir parents left them PEDRO PIETRI—“Puerto Rican Obituary” ROUND 1My Growing Up and All That Piri Thomas Kinda Crap SAPO was different. Sapo was always Sapo, and no one messed with him because he had a reputation for biting. “When I’m in a fight,” Sapo would spit, “whass close to my mouth is mine by right […]
ROUND 5We Needed More Space THAT night, I decided I’d better walk for a while because I couldn’t go home to Blanca high. I walked down Fifth to Ninety-sixth Street, about half of the Museum Mile. I stopped in front of El Museo del Barrio on 104th Street and Fifth Avenue. Then I walked a block south and sat on the […]
ERNESTO QUIÑONEZ BODEGA DREAMS Ernesto Quiñonez studied writing at The City College of New York. He currently teaches bilingual fourth grade in the New York public school system and is at work on his second novel. He lives in New York City. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Quiñonez, Ernesto. Bodega dreams / Ernesto Quiñonez.p. cm.ISBN 0-375-70589-9eBook ISBN: 978-0-8041-5405-51. Puerto Ricans—New York […]
Summary In the span of about 24 hours between May 31 and June 1, 1921, a white mob descended on Greenwood, a successful black economic hub in Tulsa, Oklahoma then-known as “Black Wall Street,” and burned it to the ground. Some members of the mob had been deputized and armed by city officials. In what is now known as the […]
The Task T.P. I can ask and answer questions before, during, and after reading. Directions given to Students: Before: Look at the title and the front cover. Pause to think about what you are wondering about. During: As you are reading, pause to check your comprehension. Ask a questions about it. After: Now think about what you are still wondering […]
The Task Directions given to Students: Using what we have learned in Topic 3 and the CUBES strategy, complete the Math Performance Task. Guidelines/Success Criteria Provided The Cubes Strategy The Task – Reading Constructed Response Directions given to Students: Read the text. Answer the question. Guidelines/Success Criteria Provided: Use RADD… Restate, Answer, Detail, Detail. Print this page. Author Paul
Play the beta version of the game! Agents of Influence Welcome to Agents of Influence! You are a new student at Virginia Hall High School, which is built on the headquarters of the Omni-directional Organization for Propaganda Surveillance (O.O.P.S.), a defunct Cold War-era spy agency. Things on campus are not as they seem: students have been disappearing, and there is […]
COLD OPENING INT. JASON'S BEDROOM - MORNING (Jason, Computer (V.O.), Mom) THE ROOM'S PERSONALITY SPLITS BETWEEN BOYHOOD AND MANHOOD: PLASTIC MODELS OF SUPERHEROES AND POSTERS OF MAGICIANS LIVE SIDE-BY-SIDE WITH VOLUMES OF LITERATURE, FILE FOLDERS AND A BATTERED COMPUTER. JASON, 18, IN HIS UNDERWEAR, PULLS CLOTHING FROM THE CLOSET. HE TAKES A MEN'S FASHION MAGAZINE OUT OF A PAPER BAG. […]
The story of Tulsa, Oklahoma’s Greenwood district isn’t well known. But the racially motivated destruction of the thriving community in the early 20th century has never been told in a manner worthy of its importance. As the 100-year anniversary approaches, local residents and Hollywood grapple with how to tell the story of a town’s dark past. “Don’t you realize that Greenwood […]
Links in these slides are live at the bottom of each image that has a link. Helping Kids Celebrate Diversity through Authentic Portraits Always Anjali Alma and How She Got Her Name Shante Keys and the New Years’ Peas Duck for Turkey Day Dear Santa, Love Rachel Rosenstein It’s Back to School We Go My Name is Sangoel by Karen […]
In English my name means hope. In Spanish it means too many letters. It means sadness, it means waiting. It is like the number nine. A muddy color. It is the Mexican records my father plays on Sunday mornings when he is shaving, songs like sobbing. It was my great-grandmother’s name and now it is mine. She was a horse […]
Leo was the first one to spot the turtle, so he was the one who got to keep it. They had all been in the car, driving up Tyler Mountain to church, when Leo shouted, “There’s a turtle!” and everyone’s head jerked with the stop. Leo’s father grumbled something about turtle soup, but Leo’s mother was sympathetic toward turtles. So […]
Always Anjali Alma and How She Got Her Name Shante Keys and the New Years’ Peas Duck for Turkey Day Dear Santa, Love Rachel Rosenstein It’s Back to School We Go My Name is Sangoel by Karen Williams, Khadra Mohammed A Letter from the Fringe by Joan Bauer Slower than the Rest by Cynthia Rylant The Scholarship Jacket by Martha […]
Smithsonian Institution Repository: National Museum of African American History and Culture URL: https://edan.si.edu/slideshow/viewer/?damspath=/Public_Sets/NMAAHC/NMAAHC_Slideshows /2015_176_1 SI Terms and Policies: https://si.edu/terms Approx. 4000-words By B. C. Franklin. THE TULSA RACE RIOT AND THREE OF ITS VICTIMS. It was in the month of October, 1917 and the leaves were browning on the trees and the grass had taken on a golden hint. A […]
Writing: Natalie Chang Illustration: Clayton Henry / Colorist: Marcelo Maiolo theatlantic.com/sponsored/hbo-2019/the-massacre-of-black-wall-street/3217 In 1921, White rioters destroyed a beacon of Black prosperity and security. They killed as many as 300 black Tulsans, left thousands homeless, and ransacked an entire neighborhood. At the time, there were no prosecutions of the instigators. Almost a century later, there have been no reparations. This is […]
23 ! ! ! Your teachers Are all around you. All that you perceive, All that you experience, All that is given to you or taken from you, All that you love or hate, need or fear Will teach you— If you will learn. God is your first and your last teacher. God is your harshest teacher: subtle, demanding. Learn […]
19 ! ! ! Changes. The galaxies move through space. The stars ignite, burn, age, cool, Evolving. God is Change. God prevails. EARTHSEED: THE BOOKS OF THE LIVING FRIDAY, AUGUST 27, 2027 (from notes expanded SUNDAY, AUGUST 29) EARTHQUAKE TODAY. It hit early this morning just as we were beginning the dayʼs walk, and it was a strong one. The […]
2027 ! ! ! WE ARE EARTHSEED. We are flesh—self aware, questing, problem-solving flesh. We are that aspect of Earthlife best able to shape God knowingly. We are Earthlife maturing, Earthlife preparing to fall away from the parent world. We are Earthlife preparing to take root in new ground, Earthlife fulfilling its purpose, its promise, its Destiny. 14 ! ! […]
7 ! ! ! We are all Godseed, but no more or less so than any other aspect of the universe, Godseed is all there is —all that Changes. Earthseed is all that spreads Earthlife to new earths. The universe is Godseed. Only we are Earthseed. And the Destiny of Earthseed is to take root among the stars. EARTHSEED: THE […]
2024 ! ! ! PRODIGY IS, AT ITS essence, adaptability and persistent, positive obsession. Without persistence, what remains is an enthusiasm of the moment. Without adaptability, what remains may be channeled into destructive fanaticism. Without positive obsession, there is nothing at all. EARTHSEED: THE BOOKS OF THE LIVING by Lauren Oya Olamina 1 ! ! ! All that you touch […]
What we are asking you to make A gallery of 5+ photos that YOU HAVE MADE to capture an important place in your community. Include a revised version of the writing you did about this place in the first activity of this playlist. Use the Gallery Block for your photos and add your revised writing to a Paragraph Block to […]
What we are inviting you to make: Your best image from a set of photographs that YOU MADE at a place you love. When you are done with this activity you will have a collection of a dozen or more images that you have taken at the important place that you wrote about in the first activity. Choose the best, […]
What we are inviting you to make: A Youth Voices Doc about a place in your community that is important to you. When you are done with this activity, you will have the first draft of a text that you can revise later. In another activity in this Invitation, you can add your stories and descriptions to a discussion post […]
Writing Project colleagues and friends have put together inspirational resources—videos and related handouts—to support place-based writing and making activities. Feel free to use as-is or remix as needed. Share your creations and stories on social media using #writeout. Urban Cadences in Idaho’s Freak Alley Join Cecilia Pattee, a teacher-consultant for the Boise State University Writing Project, and her family—Sofia is an […]
National Park Service Rangers created these writing prompt videos to inspire your writing and can’t wait to ‘visit’ you in your classroom, your home, or your office! Respond to the prompts online via #writeout or send a postcard back to the Rangers; they look forward to hearing from you! Golden Gate National Recreation Area Park Rangers Alanna and Socorro from the Golden Gate […]
Daily Note Every day, a photograph, a poem. About time… and us… “Time, Amaranthine” on the theme of time, story, humanity, peace through one cottonwood leaf in the ripples… of time. On Sunday, we drove to Steamboat Rock State Park and this poem for this picture standing on the dock below the cottonwoods as the sun set seemed perfect. Enjoy, […]
In the summer of 1961, two young African-American men decided to go swimming at one of Nashville’s municipal pools — one that was reserved by Jim Crow for whites only. Days later, the city closed all its public pools — and left them shut for three years. Today, come with us to meet the men who first tried to integrate […]
Dedication For my mother and father CHAPTER 1: KIM I stood before our family altar. It was dawn. No one else in the apartment was awake. I stared at my father’s photograph–his thin face stern, lips latched tight, his eyes peering permanently to the right. I was nine years old and still hoped that perhaps his eyes might move. Might notice me. […]
ABOUT Runner and advocate Faith E. Briggs used to run through the streets of Brooklyn every morning. Now, she’s running 150 miles through three U.S. National Monuments that lay in the thick of the controversy around public lands. Accompanied by running companions who represent diverse perspectives in what it means to be a public land owner, she assesses what is […]
CHANGEMAKERS In honor of Juneteenth, we’d like to shout out some of the most impressive and impactful leaders of color working to make the outdoors more inclusive for all. To honor the 155th celebration of Juneteenth, we wanted to take a moment to honor some of the amazing people working to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion within our industry. As […]
Betty Reid Soskin has fought to ensure that American history includes the stories that get overlooked. As she turns 100, few stories have been more remarkable than hers. The Rosie the Riveter / World War II Home Front National Historical Park, which sprawls across the former shipyards in Richmond, Calif., on the northeast edge of San Francisco Bay, tells the enormous story […]
Monica Bulger, Mary Madden, Kiley Sobel, Patrick Davison The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop The Corporation for Public Broadcasting / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / In the 1960s, Joan Ganz Cooney published The Potential Uses of Television in Preschool Education, a report that would revolutionize television for children. Where others saw a “vast wasteland,” Cooney saw possibility, and from it, educational programming for […]

There are some signs these days that collaborative learning is of increasing interest to English teachers. (1) Composition teachers seem to be exploring the concept actively. Two years ago the term appeared for the first time in the list of topics suggested by the Executive Committee of the Conference on College Composition and Communication for discussion at the CCCC annual […]
What we value in a culture is reflected in its language, feelings, behaviors, and actions. We often live by the metaphors that we use. So, for example, when we use metaphors such as “in the trenches” we are signaling a combative culture. Whereas, if we use such metaphors as “inventing” or “innovating”, we are bringing forward not just thoughts of […]
This is a youth-powered social network and multimedia publishing platform that was started in 2003 by a group of teachers from local sites of the National Writing Project. We merged several earlier blogging projects. We have found that there are many advantages to bringing students together in one site that lives beyond any particular class. It’s easier for individual students to […]
















–1– When we’re at our summer house in western Maine—a house very much like the one Mike Noonan comes back to in Bag of Bones—I walk four miles every day, unless it’s pouring down rain. Three miles of this walk are on dirt roads which wind through the woods; a mile of it is on Route 5, a two-lane blacktop […]
Compelling research demonstrates that the success of young people in school and beyond is inextricably linked to healthy social and emotional development. Students who have a sense of belonging and purpose, who can work well with classmates and peers to solve problems, who can plan and set goals, and who can persevere through challenges—in addition to being literate, numerate, and […]
Honesty’s the best policy. –Miguel de Cervantes Liars prosper. —Anonymous First Foreword In the early nineties (it might have been 1992, but it’s hard to remember when you’re having a good time) I joined a rock-and-roll band composed mostly of writers. The Rock Bottom Remainders were the brainchild of Kathi Kamen Goldmark, a book publicist and musician from San Francisco. […]
With your home group, read and discuss and write comments and replies on the New York State Social Emotional Learning Benchmarks for your grade level.How to: Making Comments Annotations Instructions Go to an expert group, above, and learn more about four of the sixteen Habits of Mind by clicking on an icon, then reading and annotating each of the four […]
We invite you to consider, describe, share, and discuss the algorithmic thinking processes you go through when you program in Scratch. What are algorithms? They are all around us. Prerequisite: You need to complete six introductory projects in Scratch that you can find in one of these two places: Once completed, we will ask you to share on Youth Voices […]
Algorithm Defined An algorithm can be defined as a sequence of well-defined, precise steps for solving a problem. An algorithm must terminate (come to an end) to produce an answer or final outcome. For instance, the image above is a popular example of an algorithm used in everyday life, a recipe. All recipes are algorithms since they use a sequence of precise steps that […]

We invite you to consider, describe, share, and discuss the algorithmic thinking processes you go through when you program in Scratch. What are algorithms? They are all around us. Prerequisite: You need to complete six introductory projects in Scratch that you can find in one of these two places: Once completed, we will ask you to share on Youth Voices […]
Abstract Computer programming is being introduced in educational curricula, even at the primary school level. One goal of this implementation is to teach computational thinking (CT), which is potentially applicable in various computational problem-solving situations. However, the educational objective of CT in primary schools is somewhat unclear: curricula in various countries define learning objectives for topics, such as computer science, […]
Computational thinking has received considerable attention over the past several years, but there are many perspectives on what computational thinking entails. We are interested in the ways that design-based learning activities — in particular, programming interactive media — support the development of computational thinking in young people. This site and its collection of instruments are designed for K-12 educators and […]
Childhood can be a trying time. Fortunately, there are plenty of great books that can help families navigate common challenges, ranging from anxiety to anger management. Psychologists everywhere have noticed an uptick in children experiencing anxiety, stress, confusion and other issues that have come as a result of 2020. These are completely normal things for children to experience, but what is […]
Connecting History to Practice Today (Chapter 1) Literary Presence Literary presence means staking a claim and making one’s self visible within the intellectual community through acts of literacy. Black people did not wish to merely exist in the country; they wanted to exert their presence and make their mark on history in telling their own narratives. They had a thirst […]
The Historically Responsive Literacy Model: Identity, Skills, Intellect, and Criticality As I investigated historical records, literacy and responsive education across Black literary communities were largely conceptualized in four ways—as identity development, skills development, intellect, and criticality. These four goals or pursuits connected to the body of literacy research on cognitive and sociocultural perspectives of literacy development and what youth need […]

We invite you to describe a student — an actual one or one you create — who you might encounter in a future class. We are asking you to: Click here to see this playlist in a Kumospace. Activities Your goal for this playlist is to complete the four activities in the boxes below. As you finish each of these […]
I am proud to be a part of the @NYCKidsRISE Save for College Program community! Over the past four years, community partners from across Queens have come together to design and pilot a community-building platform for NYC students, families, and neighborhoods. To date, the Save for College Program has enrolled over 13,000 students from 39 NYC public schools in Queens […]
PHNOM PENH, Cambodia Before Barack Obama and his team act on their talk about “labor standards,” I’d like to offer them a tour of the vast garbage dump here in Phnom Penh. This is a Dante-like vision of hell. It’s a mountain of festering refuse, a half-hour hike across, emitting clouds of smoke from subterranean fires. The miasma of toxic […]
Editor’s Note: Anna McMullen is a campaigner for Labour Behind the Label which calls itself a group “that supports garment workers’ efforts worldwide to improve their working conditions.” She works with global partners on campaigns around poverty wages in the fashion industry, and has co-authored research reports on labor rights. Follow @labourlabel on Twitter. The sad fact behind the building collapse in Bangladesh in […]
This is a review of FASHIONOPOLIS: The Price of Fast Fashion and the Future of Clothes by Dana Thomas There is that old saying, usually attributed to Yves Saint Laurent: “Fashion fades, style is eternal.”BOOKS: Be the first to read books news and see reviews, news and features in The New York Times Book Review.Sign Up Literally speaking, that actually may […]
Is shopping “the new terrorism”? If you’re an average consumer, there’s a good chance you shop at affordable places like H&M, Forever 21, Zara, or JCPenney. These stores fuel and fulfill our demand for fast fashion — trendy, cheap things we can easily discard as soon as the clothes fall apart or the next covetable fad comes along. But they […]

We invite you to Write Out! Write Out (writeout.nwp.org) is an annual two-week event organized by the National Writing Project and the National Park Service in October. It is a series of free online activities where educators, students, and the public are invited to explore national parks and other public spaces to connect and learn through place-based writing and sharing. […]
[REMEMBER TO ADD A FEATURED IMAGE.] We invite you to… [BE SPECIFIC ABOUT WHAT THEY ARE BEING ASKED TO MAKE] Write 10 questions to find your own area of inquiry, your own niche of expertise, and/or a passion of yours. Brainstorm questions you have about yourself, your community, or the world Focus on ONE inquiry question. Read at least one article that […]
[REMEMBER TO ADD A FEATURED IMAGE.] We invite you to… [BE SPECIFIC ABOUT WHAT THEY ARE BEING ASKED TO MAKE] What is a …? It can be … We want you to… We’ll show you …, and then… We hope you … Activities EACH ACTIVITY HAS: A TITLE DECRIBING WHAT WE WANT THE STUDENT TO MAKE AND TO LEARN AN […]

What’s a mathematical dilemma? It can be … We want you to unlock a digital escape room using math skills, strategies, and reasoning. We’re offering you an intriguing and unique way to apply your third grade math skills. We hope you have fun and notice which Habits of Mind you use as you work through the digital escape room, Winter […]
[REMEMBER TO ADD A FEATURED IMAGE.] We invite you to… [BE SPECIFIC ABOUT WHAT THEY ARE BEING ASKED TO MAKE] What is a …? It can be … We want you to… We’ll show you …, and then… We hope you … Activities EACH ACTIVITY HAS: A TITLE DECRIBING WHAT WE WANT THE STUDENT TO MAKE AND TO LEARN AN […]
[REMEMBER TO ADD A FEATURED IMAGE.] We invite you to… [BE SPECIFIC ABOUT WHAT THEY ARE BEING ASKED TO MAKE] What is a …? It can be … We want you to… We’ll show you …, and then… We hope you … Activities EACH ACTIVITY HAS: A TITLE DECRIBING WHAT WE WANT THE STUDENT TO MAKE AND TO LEARN AN […]
[REMEMBER TO ADD A FEATURED IMAGE.] We invite you to… [BE SPECIFIC ABOUT WHAT THEY ARE BEING ASKED TO MAKE] What is a …? It can be … We want you to… We’ll show you …, and then… We hope you … Activities EACH ACTIVITY HAS: A TITLE DECRIBING WHAT WE WANT THE STUDENT TO MAKE AND TO LEARN AN […]
[REMEMBER TO ADD A FEATURED IMAGE.] We invite you to… [BE SPECIFIC ABOUT WHAT THEY ARE BEING ASKED TO MAKE] What is a …? It can be … We want you to closely read an article. We’ll show you ways to paraphrase and summarize important points from the article. We hope you will then be able to communicate what the […]
[REMEMBER TO ADD A FEATURED IMAGE.] We invite you to make a digital portfolio! What is a digital portfolio? It can be used as a place to showcase finished products, as well as discrete pieces of your process. This can be in a physical format or in a digital format. We want you to… We’ll show you …, and then… We […]

[REMEMBER TO ADD A FEATURED IMAGE.] We invite you to… [BE SPECIFIC ABOUT WHAT THEY ARE BEING ASKED TO MAKE] What is a …? It can be … We want you to… We’ll show you …, and then… We hope you … Activities EACH ACTIVITY HAS: A TITLE DECRIBING WHAT WE WANT THE STUDENT TO MAKE AND TO LEARN AN […]